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19-4021; Rev 0; 3/06
KIT ATION EVALU E AILABL AV
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier
General Description Features
First Amp Noise Figure*: 1.0dB High Gain**: 34.8dB 3.4dB Gain Step Integrated 50 Output Matching 3.0V to 5.5V Supply Voltage Range Small, Low-Cost Package (3mm x 3mm) ESD Protected to 1kV Human Body Model
*Without external input impedance match. **First amplifier input is impedance matched (S11 = -10dB). Second amplifier set to high gain. Amplifiers cascaded without interstage filter.
MAX12000
The MAX12000 GPS front-end amplifier IC is designed for automotive and marine GPS satellite navigation antenna modules or for any application that needs to compensate for cable losses from the GPS antenna to receiver. Two unconditionally stable low-noise amplifier stages provide the high gain and integrated I/O matching to minimize the need for external matching components and eliminate the need for additional gain stages. The MAX12000 features the option to place a bandpass ceramic or SAW filter between the two amplifier stages to provide a narrow-band output to further improve the noise performance of the GPS receiver. Additionally, a 3.4dB gain step is provided to compensate for cable loss variation between different applications. The MAX12000 is designed to operate at the GPS frequency of 1575MHz with a 34.8dB typical cascaded gain and a 25mA supply current. The two LNA stages allow the use of a wide range of GPS filter types for maximum flexibility in system design. The final RF output pin, which drives the cable to the GPS receiver, is also the power-supply connection that accepts a DC supply in the +3.0V to +5.5V range. Alternatively, the DC supply can be applied to pin 4. The GPS front-end amplifier is designed on a low-noise, advanced SiGe process and is available in a lead-free, 10-pin TDFN surface-mount package (3mm x 3mm).
Ordering Information
PART TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE 10 TDFN PKG CODE T1033-2
MAX12000ETB+ -40C to +85C +Denotes lead-free package.
Applications
Integrated Automotive and Marine GPS Receivers
Typical Operating Circuit appears at end of data sheet.
Pin Configuration/Functional Diagram
TOP VIEW
+ RFIN2 GND GND EXTCAP/ALT_VCC RFOUT2/VCC 1 2 AMP 2 3 AMP 1 4 5 DC GENERATION 7 6 GAIN_SELECT RFIN1 8
MAX12000
10 RFOUT1 9 GND GND
TDFN
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
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1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier MAX12000
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
RFOUT1, RFOUT2, EXTCAP to GND...........-0.3V to (VCC + 0.5V) RFIN1 Input Power (50 source) ...................................+15dBm RFIN1 to GND........................................................-0.3V to +0.3V RFIN2 to GND........................................................-0.3V to +1.0V GAIN_SELECT to GND...............................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 10-Pin TDFN (derate 18.5mW/C above +70C) ........1481mW Operating Ambient Temperature Range ...........-40C to +105C Maximum Junction Temperature .....................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. CAUTION! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +3.0V to +5.5V, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at +5.0V and at TA = +25C. Pin 7 open, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Supply Voltage Supply Current Gain-Select Input Current SYMBOL VCC ICC IIL TA = +25C TA = -40C to 105C (Note 2) VIL = 0V 20 CONDITIONS MIN 3.0 15.0 25 TYP MAX 5.5 30.2 33 100 UNITS V mA A
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +3.0V to +5.5V, PIN = -40dBm, fIN = 1575MHz, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at +5.0V and at TA = +25C. Input matched to 50, load = 50, pin 7 open, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Operation Frequency AMP 1 Gain AMP 1 Gain Variation Over Temperature AMP 1 Noise Figure AMP 1 Input Third-Order Intercept Point AMP 1 Input 1dB Compression Point AMP 1 Input Return Loss AMP 1 Output Return Loss AMP 1 Reverse Isolation AMP 2 Gain AMP 2 Gain Step AMP 2 Gain Variation Over Temperature AMP 2 Noise Figure AMP 2 Output Third-Order Intercept Point AMP 2 Output 1dB Compression Point NF OIP3 (Note 4) Two tones at 1574.5MHz and 1575.5MHz, -30dBm per tone 1.5 S11 S22 S12 S21 Gain change when pin 7 is shorted to GND 15.0 -2.8 NF IIP3 No input match (Notes 3, 4) Two tones at 1574.5MHz and 1575.5MHz, -35dBm per tone 50 source with no input match (Note 3) No input match (Note 3) SYMBOL fRF S21 50 source with no input match (Note 3) 50 source with input match 15.0 CONDITIONS MIN TYP 1575 16.7 17.8 0.3 1 -12 -19 -4.4 -14.5 -33 17 -3.4 1 2.0 16.0 5.3 2.4 19.6 -4.0 1.3 18.5 MAX UNITS MHz dB dB dB dBm dBm dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dBm dBm
2
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1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = +3.0V to +5.5V, PIN = -40dBm, fIN = 1575MHz, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at +5.0V and at TA = +25C. Input matched to 50, load = 50, pin 7 open, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER AMP 2 Input Return Loss AMP 2 Output Return Loss AMP 2 Reverse Isolation SYMBOL S11 S22 S12 CONDITIONS MIN TYP -21 -8.8 -25 MAX UNITS dB dB dB
MAX12000
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4:
At TA = -40C, the minimum and maximum values are guaranteed by design and characterization, unless otherwise noted. At TA = -40C and +105C, the maximum value is guaranteed by design and characterization. Measured using MAX12000 evaluation board with a DC-blocking capacitor at the input of LNA 1. At TA = +25C, the maximum value is guaranteed by design and characterization. Specification is corrected for board losses on the MAX12000 EV kit.
Typical Operating Characteristics
(PIN = -40dBm, fIN = 1575MHz, inputs and outputs are terminated to 50, VCC = +5.0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
AMP 1 NOISE FIGURE vs. TEMPERATURE (WITHOUT EXTERNAL INPUT IMPEDANCE MATCH)
MAX12000 toc01
AMP 2 NOISE FIGURE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX12000 toc02
SUPPLY VOLTAGE vs. CURRENT (PIN 7 OPEN)
27.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 26.5 TA = +85C 25.5 24.5 23.5 22.5 TA = -40C 21.5 TA = +25C TA = +105C
MAX12000 toc03
1.4 1.3 1.2 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE (C)
5.5 5.0 4.5 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE (C) HIGH-GAIN MODE LOW-GAIN MODE
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
AMP 1 GAIN vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (WITH EXTERNAL INPUT IMPEDANCE MATCH)
MAX12000 toc04
AMP 2 GAIN vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (PIN 7 OPEN)
MAX12000 toc05
AMP 2 GAIN vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (PIN 7 SHORT TO GND)
MAX12000 toc06
18.1 18.0 TA = -40C 17.9 GAIN (dB) 17.8 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.4 17.3 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 TA = +105C TA = +85C TA = +25C
18.0
15.0 14.5 14.0 GAIN (dB) 13.5 13.0 12.5 TA = +105C 12.0 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
17.5 TA = -40C GAIN (dB) 17.0 TA = +25C 16.5 TA = +85C 16.0 TA = +105C
15.5 5.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
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3
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier MAX12000
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(PIN = -40dBm, fIN = 1575MHz, inputs and outputs are terminated to 50, VCC = +5.0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
AMP 1 GAIN vs. FREQUENCY (WITH EXTERNAL INPUT IMPEDANCE MATCH)
MAX12000 toc07
AMP 2 GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX12000 toc08
AMP 1 INPUT P1dB vs. TEMPERATURE (WITHOUT EXTERNAL INPUT IMPEDANCE MATCH)
MAX12000 toc09
20 19 18 GAIN (dB)
18 16 14 12 GAIN (dB) 10 8 6 4 2 0 LOW-GAIN MODE HIGH-GAIN MODE
-16 -17 INPUT P1dB (dBm) -18 -19 -20 -21 -22 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE (C)
17 16 15 14 13 12 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz)
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
AMP 2 OUTPUT P1dB vs. TEMPERATURE (PIN 7 OPEN)
MAX12000 toc10
AMP 1 S11 (WITHOUT EXTERNAL INPUT IMPEDANCE MATCH)
MAX12000 toc11
AMP 1 S22
MAX12000 toc12
5.8
-2.0 -2.5 -3.0 S11 (dB) -3.5 -4.0
-4 -6 -8 S22 (dB) -10 -12 -14 -16
5.6 OUTPUT P1dB (dB)
5.4
5.2
5.0
-4.5 -5.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 TEMPERATURE (C) FREQUENCY (MHz)
4.8
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
AMP 2 S11
MAX12000 toc13
AMP 2 S22
-6 -8 -10
MAX12000 toc14
0
-4
-5
S11 (dB)
S22 (dB) 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
-10
-12 -14 -16
-15
-20
-18 -20
-25 800
-22 800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier MAX12000
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(PIN = -40dBm, fIN = 1575MHz, inputs and outputs are terminated to 50, VCC = +5.0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
AMP 1 S12
MAX12000 toc15
AMP 2 S12
MAX12000 toc16
-32
-20
-34 S12 (dB) S12 (dB) 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
-24
-28
-36
-32 -38 -36
-40 800
-40 800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
Pin Description
PIN 1 2, 3, 8, 9 4 5 6 7 10 EP NAME RFIN2 GND EXTCAP/ ALT_VCC RFOUT2/VCC RFIN1 GAIN_SELECT RFOUT1 Exposed Pad FUNCTION Amplifier 2 Input. Incorporates an internal DC-blocking capacitor and is internally matched to 50. This input is designed to be connected to a bandpass filter. Electrical Ground External Smoothing Capacitor for Internal Supply Voltage or Can Be Used as the External DC Supply Pin to Eliminate the Need for a Bias-T on Pin 5 Amplifier 2 Output. Incorporates an internal DC-blocking capacitor and is internally matched to 50. DC bias on this pin serves as the power supply through a bias-T. Amplifier 1 Input. Requires external DC-blocking capacitor and matching components. AMP 2 Gain Select. Open is high-gain mode. Short to ground is low-gain mode. Amplifier 1 Output. Incorporates an internal DC-blocking capacitor and is internally matched to 50. This output is designed to drive a bandpass filter. Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to the circuit board for proper thermal and electrical performance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier MAX12000
Detailed Description
The MAX12000 IC contains two LNA stages tuned for use at 1575MHz.
Supply
The IC power can be supplied from the navigation system through the RF cable (pin 5). An integrated filter circuit is connected to the output of LNA 2 to separate the supply voltage from the GPS signal. Alternatively, the supply voltage can be applied to the external capacitor pin (pin 4).
AMP 1
AMP 1 has an internal load that limits the bandwidth and provides a 50 output impedance through a DCblocking capacitor. The internal biasing for AMP 1 suppresses gain variation with changes in temperature and supply voltage. At the input, an integrated DC-blocking capacitor and matching network are intentionally omitted to allow selection of external components to optimize for noise or gain.
Layout Considerations
For best performance, carefully lay out the printed circuit board using high-frequency techniques. Use controlled-impedance transmission lines to interface with the MAX12000 high-speed inputs and outputs and isolate the input signals from the output signals as much as possible. For improved noise figure, keep the connection to the input of LNA 1 as short as possible. A power-supply decoupling capacitor should be placed very close to pin 4 and connected directly to a ground plane. If low-gain selection for LNA 2 is required, connect pin 7 directly to the ground plane with a very short printed circuit board trace. Good grounding is critical for this device. The backside ground plane should be as close as possible. See Figure 1 for printed circuit board layout.
AMP 2 with Gain Step
The output of AMP 2 has the dual role of providing both the RF output drive and receiving the DC power supply through a single cable. Both the input and output ports of AMP 2 are internally matched to 50 impedance at 1575MHz. A 3.4dB gain switch can be used to adjust the gain for different applications. The gain-select pin is connected to an inverter with an internal pullup resistor. Hence, the gain-select pin is set by default to high-gain mode. Shorting the gain-select pin to ground sets the gain stage to a 3.4dB lower gain. As with AMP 1, AMP 2 has an internal load that limits the bandwidth, and the amplifier's internal biasing suppresses gain variation with changes in temperature and supply voltage.
Typical Operating Circuit
SAW PINNING: 1 = LNA 2 INPUT 2 = GND 3 = GND 4 = EXTCAP/ALT_VCC 5 = LNA 2 OUTPUT/VCC 6 = LNA 1 INPUT 7 = GAIN SETTING 8 = GND 9 = GND 10 = LNA 1 OUTPUT
10 VCC REG
1 VCC REG
4
MATCHING NETWORK/ DC BLOCK
6
LNA 1 MAX12000 8/9 EXPOSED PADDLE
5 LNA 2 7 2/3
OUTPUT GAIN SETTING OPEN = 31.4dB GAIN SHORT TO GROUND = 28dB GAIN
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier MAX12000
Figure 1. Layout of the Evaluation Board Realized on 0.8mm FR4 (Not to Scale)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier MAX12000
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
D2 D A2
N
PIN 1 ID
0.35x0.35 b
PIN 1 INDEX AREA
E DETAIL A
E2 e
[(N/2)-1] x e REF.
A1
k
C L
C L
A
L e e
L
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6,8,10 & 14L, TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
-DRAWING NOT TO SCALE-
21-0137
G
1 2
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6, 8, &10L, DFN THIN.EPS
1575MHz GPS Front-End Amplifier
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX12000
COMMON DIMENSIONS SYMBOL A D E A1 L k A2 MIN. 0.70 2.90 2.90 0.00 MAX. 0.80 3.10 3.10 0.05
0.20 0.40 0.25 MIN. 0.20 REF.
PACKAGE VARIATIONS PKG. CODE T633-1 T633-2 T833-1 T833-2 T833-3 T1033-1 T1433-1 T1433-2 N 6 6 8 8 8 10 14 14 D2 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.700.10 1.700.10 E2 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 e 0.95 BSC 0.95 BSC 0.65 BSC 0.65 BSC 0.65 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.40 BSC 0.40 BSC JEDEC SPEC MO229 / WEEA MO229 / WEEA MO229 / WEEC MO229 / WEEC MO229 / WEEC MO229 / WEED-3 ------b 0.400.05 0.400.05 0.300.05 0.300.05 0.300.05 0.250.05 0.200.05 0.200.05 [(N/2)-1] x e 1.90 REF 1.90 REF 1.95 REF 1.95 REF 1.95 REF 2.00 REF 2.40 REF 2.40 REF
DOWNBONDS ALLOWED
NO NO NO NO YES NO YES NO
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6,8,10 & 14L, TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
-DRAWING NOT TO SCALE-
21-0137
G
2 2
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 _____________________ 9 (c) 2006 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

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